Exercise Therapy and Electrotherapy as an Intervention for Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Primary Dysmenorrhea (PD) is characterized by painful cramps before or during menstruation. It is generally treated with nonpharmacological methods. However, with the advancement of research and the passage of time, physiotherapy plays an increasingly important role in treating patients with PD. Electrotherapy and exercise therapy are conservative methods to treat PD. Alternative methods to minimize reliance on medicinal-based treatments are the need of the hour. This review aims to determine the efficacy of exercise-based therapies and electrotherapy modalities in treating PD. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards have been used in the present systematic review and meta-analysis. Cochrane, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched to facilitate the same. The articles from 2011 to 2021 were included in this review. The quality of the review was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The visual analog scale was taken as a measure of pain intensity in the meta-analysis, and other outcomes have been included in the systematic review discussed. A total of 15 publications have been included, with a meta-analysis of 7. All included studies were of high quality (PEDro ≥ 5), and demonstrated the efficacy of exercise-based therapies and electrotherapy modalities in treating pain in females with PD. This review aims to check the impact of exercise and electrotherapy in females suffering from PD.

Dual left anterior descending artery with anomalous origin of long LAD from pulmonary artery - rare coronary anomaly detected on computed tomography coronary angiography.

Dual left anterior descending artery is a rare coronary artery anomaly showing two left anterior descending arteries. Short anterior descending artery usually arises from the left coronary artery, while long anterior descending artery has anomalous origin and course. Dual left anterior descending artery with origin of long anterior descending artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a very rare coronary artery anomaly which has not been reported previously in the literature. We present the computed tomography coronary angiographic findings of this rare case in a young female patient who presented with atypical chest pain.

Imaging findings of pulmonary carcinosarcoma: A case report.

Pulmonary carcinosarcoma is a rare lung tumor, which contains both malignant carcinomatous and heterotopic sarcomatous components. There are only few case reports on the imaging diagnosis of this rare tumor. Herein, we present the radiological findings of this rare tumor, which was suspected on computed tomography (CT) scan due to atypical CT findings of malignant lung mass (not usually seen in bronchogenic carcinoma) and was finally confirmed histologically.

Giant muscle-skeletal hydatidosis - A clinical dilemma.

INTRODUCTION: Though imaging findings of hydatid cyst involving liver, lung and brain have commonly described, description of musculo-skeletal hydatidosis is rare. It is usually a "clinical dilemma" as the lesion often clinically mimics a neoplasm (more so a malignancy) and serological tests for hydatidosis are often negative. CASE REPORT: We describe a case of unusually giant hydatidosis of left lower limb involving various muscles as well left hemi-pelvis with extremely unusual extension into pelvis. Ultrasosnography and CT scans suggested Hydatidosis but serological tests were negative. FNAC confirmed the diagnosis and en bloc resection was done. Follow up medical management was continued with no recurrence at 6 months. CONCLUSION: Imaging findings are classical and often solves the clinician's dilemma and also accurately depict the extent of spread. FNAC may be required to confirm the diagnosis. Enbloc resection and medical management give good result with minimal complications.